Mitochondrial health

I think most of us can agree that optimal mitochondrial function is crucial to any aging mitigation protocol. Beyond the usual suggestions such as CoQ10 and NAD, there are several modalities that I have never seen discussed by LEF, each of which probably merits it's own thread and some I consider revolutionary in their potential impact. I would love to see some LEF in depth articles on any of these.

In addition to the hundreds of supplements, powders, nootropics, IAS available items like deprenyl, hydergine, metformin, etc, that I have been using for 20-40 years, I have been researching and using the following items:

C60 in olive oil (Carbon 60). C60, a fullerene shaped like a soccer ball, is one of the several allotropes, or forms, of carbon such as diamond, graphite, amorphous, etc. It appears to barely fit (about 1.2 nm molecule) and may linger in the mitochondria with dramatic antioxidant protection, perhaps for a lifetime, at the site of highest endogenous ROS generation. A 2012 rat study indicates possible 92% increased lifespan with no cancers, protection from radiation, solvent exposure, etc. Note that this is a far greater extension in rat lifespan than obtained with any other protocol, including CR.

Molecular hydrogen (H2) dissolved in water and in gas form. This is the smallest molecule there is, therefore, it can get into any tissue rapidly and act as a powerful antioxidant. In addition, it can be combined with the C60 mentioned above to perhaps provide more longer lasting benefits in the body, as the H2 can become "attached" (not covalently) to the C60 molecule. Normally, H2 gas dissipates from the human body in minutes to an hour or so.

Red Light and Near Infrared light (around 650 and 850 nm respectively). The red light penetrates human tissues maybe about an inch whereas the near infrared around 4-6 inches. This range of light from about 600-1,000 nm wavelength has remarkable properties in regard to formation of Exclusion Zone (EZ) water and adding energy to the electron transport chain process within the mitochondria. 

Depleted deuterium water. Protium is the "normal" hydrogen atom with a proton in the nucleus. Deuterium is an isotype with the one proton plus one neutron. The tritium isotype has the one proton plus two neutrons, is unstable and radioactive with a half life about 11 years, not normally found in nature and not part of this discussion. Deuterium on the other hand is found in about one out of every 6,500 hydrogen atoms, or about 155 ppm,  in the ocean water (H2O). Chemically, the deuterium and water molecules incorporating it, are generally about the same. In the mitochondria, however, as part of the ATP generating process, the hydrogen atoms are stripped from the larger molecules and the resulting protons are processed one at a time. Since the deuterium is twice as heavy, it has a profound negative impact on the mitochondria. Depleted deuterium water can lessen the load imposed on the mitochondria to detoxify the deuterium impact. Rain and glacier water are naturally deuterium depleted due to slightly different melting and evaporation temperatures. Photosynthesis in green plants depletes deuterium and the animals that eat them. Grains and fruits are deuterium enriched. So, this may in part explain the benefits of a keto diet and the Mediterranean diet with emphasis on olive oil. The oils and fats with depleted deuterium are processed by the human body to form energy, CO2 and WATER. This metabolic water is deuterium depleted. About 1.2 pounds of water are created from each pound of oil/fat.